chapter 8

    鈹鈹鈹鈹绻侀珨鏂団攢鈹鈹鈹

    浠栨湞濂逛几鍑烘墜锛岃屽ス灏囨墜杓曡紩鍦版斁鍦ㄤ粬鐨勬墜涓婁换鐢变粬鐗藉紩銆?br />

    缍撻亷涓鐗囩湅浼艰姳鍦掔殑鍦版柟锛岄欏厭鐨勮姳涓嶅儚浜洪枔閭ｆǎ瀛愬厜褰╃菇绱涜壊褰╅璞旓紝鐪嬭捣渚嗗弽鍊掗兘鍍忔灟鏋濊惤钁変竴妯ｇ殑娌掓湁鐢熸埃锛屾墍鏈夌殑椤忚壊閮芥煋涓婁簡涓灞ょ伆涓妯ｏ紝鐪嬭捣渚嗛化娣★紝鍗诲張鏈夌ó娣掓都鐨勭編銆?br />

    銆屽樺瓙韬瀛愬ソ澶氫簡鍡庯紵銆嶄粬杓曡伈鐨勯枊鍙ｃ?br />

    銆屼粈楹硷紵鎴戞矑鏈夌敓鐥呭晩锛併嶅ス娌掓湁鍙嶆噳閬庝締銆?br />

    銆屾垜鏄鎸囨槰澶┿傘?br />

    銆屸︹︺嶈伣鍒版槰澶╅欏叐鍊嬪瓧锛屽ス鐬闁撹哄緱瀹崇緸锛岄洐闋扮啽鐕欙紝涓嶅厤浣庝笅闋鐪嬭憲鍦颁笂銆?br />

    鍚屾檪闁擄紝浠栫殑鎵嬭嚜鐒剁殑鐗借捣濂圭殑鎵嬨?br />

    濂规矑鏈夊弽鎶楋紝鍙瑕哄緱閫欐劅瑕哄囧欙紝鍦ㄤ汉闁撳崄鍏骞村緸渚嗘矑鏈夎垏浠讳綍鐣版湅鍙嬬壗閬庢墜锛岄洊鐒朵粬鐨勬墜鍐板喎浣庢韩锛屼絾绺借哄緱绲﹀ス涓绋渚濋潬鐨勬劅瑕恒?br />

    涔熸槸锛屼締鍒板湴搴滐紝濂归洊鐒惰垏浠栦笉鐔燂紝鎺ヨ繎闄岀敓锛屼絾涔熸槸濂瑰湪閫欒！鍞涓瑾嶈瓨鐨勪汉锛屽悓鏅傦紝鏄濂规垚瑕鐨勫皪璞°?br />

    銆屽樺瓙锛屽緟鏈冨厭鎴戞渻甯跺Τ鍘昏嬮柣鐜嬬埡锛屽Τ鐭ラ亾闁荤帇鐖烘槸瑾板惂锛熴?br />

    銆岀煡閬撱傘嶅ス鍥炵瓟銆?br />

    浠栨贰娣＄瑧钁楋紝钂肩櫧淇婃尯鐨勮噳涓婁竴闄ｆ煍鎰忥紝濂戒技娓呮櫒鐨勬櫒鍏夛紝鏈変竴榛為粸鐨勬殩銆?br />

    鑰屽ス琚浠栭欐ǎ鐨勭瑧瀹圭郸寮勭殑鎰ｄ簡锛岃稌绶婅看閬块欐ǎ鐨勮栫窔銆?br />

    浠栧皣濂圭壗閫插ぇ娈夸腑锛屽ぇ娈夸腑浠ユ繁鑹茬偤搴曪紝鍦版澘鑸囨煴瀛愪竴鐗囨殫绱咃紝涓鍚嶈韩绌垮叏榛戠殑鐢峰瓙鍧愬湪寤冲爞涓婏紝閫欑敺瀛愪刊鐬拌憲浠栧戯紝閫欏眳楂樿嚚涓嬬殑濮挎厠椤绀鸿憲閫欎汉鐨勪綅闅庯紝鏄閭ｆǎ鐨勯珮楂樺湪涓婏紝涓旀湁灏婂毚涓﹀彈浜哄皧鏁鐨勪汉銆?br />

    浠栵紝灏辨槸闁荤帇鐖猴紝涓嶇℃槸鍦ㄥ湴搴滈倓鏄鍦ㄤ汉闁撲换瑾伴兘鏈冨虫曠殑灏嶈薄銆?br />

    鐪煎墠鐨勯柣鐜嬬埡闀峰緱骞磋紩锛屼笉鍍忔槸姘戦枔鍌宠閭ｆǎ瀛愪笅宸磋檿闀锋豢澶ч瑣瀛愶紝鍙嶈屾槸涓寮靛勾杓曚繆鎸虹殑鑷夛紝闀风浉闆栦笉鍙鎬曪紝浣嗕篃涓榛為兘涓嶈Κ杩戯紝鏈夎偂瑾涓嶅嚭渚嗙殑澹撹揩鎰熷湪锛屽叏韬閮芥暎鐧艰憲闄板喎鐨勬埃鎭銆?br />

    銆岄剻浜烘嫓瑕嬮柣鐜嬬埡銆傘嶄粬鎭鏁鐨勫仛浜嗘湞鎷滅殑鍕曚綔銆?br />

    瑕嬩粬濡傛わ紝濂硅窡钁楀革紝浣嗚〃鐝剧殑鑲㈤珨鏈夐粸鍍电‖銆?br />

    鍓涘墰鍑洪杸鐨勬檪鍊欏皬绱欏寙鍖嗙殑鏁欏ス鎬庨杭琛岀Ξ锛屼絾濂归倓鏄瀛镐笉澶鏈冦?br />

    銆屽钩韬銆傘?br />

    銆岃瑵鐜嬬埡銆傘?br />

    浠栬捣韬锛屽ス涔熻窡钁楄捣韬銆?br />

    閫斾腑鍗讳笉灏忓績琚鑷宸辩殑琛ｈ欑郸绲嗗掞紝鍦ㄥス鎾插掑墠锛屼粬瓒曠穵灏囧ス鐨勮韩瀛愭壎濂姐?br />

    銆屾矑浜嬪惂锛熴嶄粬瑭㈠晱銆?br />

    銆屾矑銆佹矑浜嬨傘嶅ス瓒曠穵绔欏ソ锛岃噳鍥犵偤閫欏皬灏忕殑澶辫よ屾湁浜涚磪锛屽ス瑕哄緱鏈夐粸涓熻噳銆?br />

    闁荤帇鐖鸿蛋涓嬪怀鍫傦紝鍧愬湪浠栧戝皪闈㈢殑搴т綅涓婏紝鍓涘墰鏄灞呴珮鑷ㄤ笅锛岀従鍦ㄥ墖鏄骞宠栵紝濂规湁榛炲ソ濂囧湴鏈涜憲闁荤帇鐖猴紝鍙鏄濂藉囪屽凡锛岀暍绔熼棞鏂jian柣鐜嬬埡鐨勬皯闁撴晠浜嬪﹀湪澶澶氬お澶氫簡锛屽ス涓嶅厤瑕哄緱濂藉囪屽氱湅骞剧溂銆?br />

    銆屽Τ灏嶆垜濂藉囧棊锛熶竴鐩寸洴钁楁垜鐪嬶紵銆嶆槑鏄庨柣鐜嬬埡鐨勮栫窔涓嶆槸钀藉湪濂圭殑韬涓婏紝浣嗕粬鍗荤煡閬撳ス鍦ㄥ嚌瑕栬憲浠栵紝涓鑱藉埌閫欏彞瑭憋紝濂逛笉鍏嶄綆涓嬮牠锛岀偤鑷宸辩殑澶辩Ξ鎰熷埌姝夋剰銆?br />

    銆屾垜銆佹垜鈥︹︺嶅ス闁変笂鍢达紝鎯抽亾姝夛紝浣嗗張涓嶇煡閬撴庨杭閬撴瓑锛屽ス涓嶆暍鍐嶅氳█锛屾曠殑灏辨槸澶辫█銆?br />

    銆岀劇瑷锛屽垾閫欓杭鎬曟垜锛屾垜涓嶆渻灏嶅Τ鎬庢ǎ鐨勩傘嶉柣鐜嬬埡绗戜簡绗戯紝鑱藉埌浠栫殑绗戣伈锛屽ス鏆楄嚜楝嗕簡鍙ｆ埃锛岄欐墠鏁㈡姮璧烽牠鐩磋栬憲浠栵紝瀹㈡埃鐨勫皪浠栧井绗戙?br />

    鑰屽ス涔熷療瑕哄埌濂圭殑鎵嬫倓鎮勭殑琚韬閭婄殑浠栫穵鎻′綇锛屽儚鏄瑕佸憡瑷村ス鍒ユ曚竴妯ｏ紝瑕嬫わ紝濂规湁榛炲畨蹇冧簡銆?